Definition and Examples of Scottish English

Nursing Research Article Critique Essay - 1663 Words

Control is and has been a pervasive factor in the lives of many across the world, influencing the way research can be conducted or the way people try to maintain a balance in the weight or appearance. The simple principle has to ability to create complexities for a person both on an external and internal level. An example of this is eating disorders, in which a person manipulates the amount of nutrition they may receive, either by denying oneself or over indulging in it. Healthcare workers, in many aspects are at risk of developing eating disorders since a major contributing factor is perceived stress. Nurses specifically are in a unique position of susceptibility since they are in a high stressed job where control is often difficult to†¦show more content†¦The population target that this study is focusing on is nurses, either registered nurses (RNs) or license vocational nurses (LVNs). The primary problem that the researchers are focusing on is the relation between the le vels of stress a nurse has on the job to the risk of the developing or having eating disorder. In the background information, they report that in other profession in which stress is high, eating disorders are reported more often (King, Vidourek, Schwiebert, 2009). They suggest that nursing is a high-level stress job that could possibly place nurses at risk (King et al.). They justify the need and importance of study for nurses as it implicates a possible need for interventions from the management arena of nursing and possibly personal intervention as well (King et al.). The problems is researchable as it is makes use of surveys in order to create a set of statistical data. The researchers of this study do not formally imply that they utilized a conceptual framework, even more so, one can assume that they make use of the Roys Adaptation Model, in which correlates a persons ability to cope with their environmental situation (Polit Beck, 2006). The researchers in the beginning of the article discuss their literature review in order to inform the reader on the subject. Here, they use data from an array of sources, ranging from the current and primary sources, organizingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Nursing Research Article Critique 990 Words   |  4 Pagesform new types of interventions in order to give adequate care across a of number of fields within the system. Research then, has been an essential part in providing definitive data, either by disproving previous beliefs or confirming newly found data and methods. Moreover, research in itself contains its own process with a methodological approach. Of the notable methods, quantitative research is often used for its systemic approach (Polit Beck, 2006). Thus, the use of the scientific method is usedRead MoreCritique Steps (Understanding Quantitative Research)1258 Words   |  6 PagesOUTLINE OF BASIC CRITIQUE STEPS (understanding quantitative research): Brink and Wood (1994), and Burnes and Groves (1997), similarly describe the steps for quantitative nursing research process and methods. The authors include not only the basic steps to conduct nursing studies, but also translating the studies into articles for publication. According to Burnes Groves (1997), and Hamric and Spross (1992), the quantitative research method is used to describe or gain more information, test relationshipsRead MoreEssay on Research Critique Part 1659 Words   |  3 Pages Research Critique Part 1 Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS-433V Mary OConnell September 5, 2013 Research Critique Part 1 This paper will critique a qualitative research study published in the Journal of Medical Ethics in 2004, By Dr Helen Aveyard, about how nurses manage patients who refuse nursing care procedures. The article explains how nurses view informed consent as not being essential to nursing care procedures. Problem Statement The clinical problemRead MoreNur518 R7 Quantitative Article Analysis Worksheet Nc Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Quantitative Article Analysis Worksheet Analyze and critique a quantitative nursing research article from a nursing research journal published within the past five years. Include 3 scholarly references—the article, the text, and one outside source. Use the Guidelines for Quantitative Nursing Research Critique to complete the following steps: 1. State the purpose of the study and identify the problem. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often require enteralRead MoreResearch Critique Part 1736 Words   |  3 PagesResearch Critique Part 1 Jenna Franz Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS-433V Mary OConnell September 5, 2013 Research Critique Part 1 This paper will critique a qualitative research study published in the Journal of Medical Ethics in 2004, By Dr Helen Aveyard, about how nurses manage patients who refuse nursing care procedures. The article explains how nurses view informed consent as not being essential to nursing care procedures. Problem Statement The clinicalRead MoreReflection Paper In Nursing1033 Words   |  5 PagesPaper 2 Furthering nursing research is essential, as it forms the basis for evidence-based practice in healthcare today. With this in mind, developing the skills to critically appraise research articles is of the utmost importance in order to determine the relevance of research findings for clinical practice. As I pursue a doctorate degree in nursing practice, I am reminded of the necessity of these skills. Thus, in the following paragraphs, I will reflect on the research goals I developed at theRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Article Transforming Workplace Relationships1134 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyze Critique State the purpose of the study and identify the problem. In the article, Macphee (2010) is studying the impact that leadership is having on a health care environment. This is designed to identify the best practices and help nurses to implement these concepts. The problem that is being studied is: how most facilities have their own policies and procedures (which will have an impact on quality). To determine the best practices, actuaries are focusing on what attributes can improveRead MoreQuantitative Critique Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE 1 Quantitative Research Critique By Elisabeth Bryant A Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for NU 533 Advanced Nursing Research University of South Alabama College of Nursing Spring 2011 QUANTITATIVE CRITIQUE 2 Quantitative Research Critique This is a critique of the quantitative research article titled Influence of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes on Gluconeogenesis and Glucose Output in Humans studied by Amelia GastaldelliRead MoreResearch Critique of New Graduates Perceptions of Clinical Practice651 Words   |  3 PagesResearch Critique of New Graduates Perceptions of Clinical Practice The article involved in this research critique focuses on the stresses and challenges experienced by graduate nurses in clinical practice during their initial orientation period and examines the relationship of social support to these stresses (Oermann, 1997). The critiquing of this article will address the purpose of the article, the design of the research, the presentation of the findings in the study and the significanceRead MoreWhat Makes A Excellent Mental Health Nurse?1564 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this assignment, these students have chosen the article, â€Å"What makes a excellent mental health nurse? A pragmatic inquiry initiated and conducted by people with lived experience of service use† (2013). For this written critique we have decided to use Polit and Beck’s (2010), ‘Guide to an overall critique of a qualitative research report’ that was presented within the resource, ‘Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nurs ing Practice’. This guide was chosen due to our familiarities

Timeline free essay sample

October 7,1763 The Proclamation of 1763, signed by King George III of England, prohibits any English settlement west of the Appalachian mountains and requires those already settled in those regions to return east in an attempt to ease tensions with Native Americans. April 5,1764 The Sugar Act is passed by the English Parliament to offset the war debt brought on by the French and Indian War and to help pay for the expenses of running the colonies and newly acquired territories. This act doubles the duties to imported sugar, textiles, coffee, and other items. This is more work for the colonies, for a war that they didn’t want to happen. 1764 The English Parliament passes a measure to reorganize the American customs system to better enforce British trade laws, which have often been ignored in the past. In the past, the English Parliament has ignored to pass a measure to reorganize the American customs system to better enforce British trade laws. But now, after the Proclamation of 1763 and the Sugar Act, the colonies are seeing a pattern now. 1764 The Currency Act prohibits the colonists from issuing any legal tender paper money. This act threatens to destabilize the entire colonial economy of both the industrial North and agricultural South, thus uniting the colonists against it. March of 1765, the Stamp Act is passed by the English Parliament imposing the first direct tax on the American colonies, to offset the high costs of the British military organization in America. In the first time, Americans will not pay taxes to their own local legislatures, but directly to England. Also happening; The Quartering Act requires colonists to house British troops and supply them with food. 765 In July, the Sons of Liberty, an underground organization opposed to the Stamp Act. They used violence and intimidation to eventually force all of the British stamp agents to resign, as well to stop many American merchants from ordering British trade goods. 1765 In October, the Stamp Act Congress convenes in New York City, with representatives from nine of the colonies. The Congress prepares a resolution to be sent to King Georg e III and the English Parliament. The petition requests the repeal of the Stamp Act and the Acts of 1764. The petition asserts that only colonial legislatures can tax colonial residents and that taxation without representation violates the colonists basic civil rights. 1765 In December, British General Thomas Gage, commander of all English military forces in America, asks the New York assembly to make colonists comply with the Quartering Act and house and supply his troops. Also in December, the American boycott of English imports spreads, as over 200 Boston merchants join the movement. 1766 In January, the New York assembly refuses to completely comply with Gen. Gages request to enforce the Quartering Act. March of 1766 King George III repealed the Stamp Act; the English Parliament passes the Declaratory Act stating that the British government has total power to legislate any laws governing the American colonies in all cases whatsoever. 1766 In August, violence breaks out in New York between British soldiers and armed colonists, including Sons of Liberty members. The violence erupts as a result of the continuing refusal of New York colonists to comply with the Quartering Act. In December, the New York legislature is suspended by the English Crown after once again voting to refuse to comply with the Act. 1767 In June, The English Parliament passes the Townshend Revenue Acts, imposing a new series of taxes on the colonists to offset the costs of administering and protecting the American colonies. Items taxed include imports such as paper, tea, glass, lead and paints. 1768 In February, Samuel Adams of Massachusetts writes a Circular Letter opposing taxation without representation and calling for the colonists to unite in their actions against the British government. The letter is sent to assemblies throughout the colonies and also instructs them on the methods the Massachusetts general court is using to oppose the Townshend Acts. May of 1768, a British warship armed with 50 cannons sails into Boston harbor after a call for help from custom commissioners who are constantly being harassed by Boston agitators. In June, a customs official is locked up in the cabin of the Liberty, a sloop owned by John Hancock. Imported wine is then unloaded illegally into Boston without payment of duties. Following this incident, customs officials seize Hancocks sloop. After threats of violence from Bostonians, the customs officials escape to an island off Boston, and then request the intervention of British troops. 1768 In July, the governor of Massachusetts dissolves the general court after the legislature defies his order to revoke Adams circular letter. In August, in Boston and New York, merchants agree to boycott most British goods until the Townshend Acts are repealed. In September, at a town meeting in Boston, residents are urged to arm themselves. Later in September, English warships sail into Boston Harbor, then two regiments of English infantry land in Boston and set up permanent residence to keep order. 1769 In March, merchants in Philadelphia join the boycott of British trade goods. In May, a set of resolutions written by George Mason is presented by George Washington to the Virginia House of Burgesses. The Virginia Resolves oppose taxation without representation, the British opposition to the circular letters, and British plans to possibly send American agitators to England for trial. Ten days later, the Royal governor of Virginia dissolves the House of Burgesses. However, its members meet the next day in a Williamsburg tavern and agree to a boycott of British trade goods, luxury items and slaves. 1770 Violence erupts in January between members of the Sons of Liberty in New York and 40 British soldiers over the posting of broadsheets by the British. Several men are seriously wounded. March 5, 1770 The Boston Massacre occurs as a mob harasses British soldiers who then fire their muskets pointblank into the crowd, killing three instantly, mortally wounding two others and injuring six. After the incident, the new Royal Governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, at the insistence of Sam Adams, withdraws British troops out of Boston to nearby harbor islands. The captain of the British soldiers, Thomas Preston, is then arrested along with eight of his men and charged with murder. 1770 In April, the Townshend Acts are repealed by the British. All duties on imports into the colonies are eliminated except for tea. Also, the Quartering Act is not renewed. 1770 In October, trial begins for the British soldiers arrested after the Boston Massacre. Colonial lawyers John Adams and Josiah Quincy successfully defend Captain Preston and six of his men, who are acquitted. Two other soldiers are found guilty of manslaughter, branded, then released. 1772 In June, a British customs schooner, the Gaspee, runs aground off Rhode Island in Narragansett Bay. Colonists from Providence row out to the schooner and attack it, set the British crew ashore, then burn the ship. In September, a 500 pound reward is offered by the English Crown for the capture of those colonists, who would then be sent to England for trial. The announcement that they would be sent to England further upsets many American colonists. 1772 In November, a Boston town meeting assembles, called by Sam Adams. During the meeting, a 21 member committee of correspondence is appointed to communicate with other towns and colonies. A few weeks later, the town meeting endorses three radical proclamations asserting the rights of the colonies to self-rule. 1773 In March, the Virginia House of Burgesses appoints an eleven member committee of correspondence to communicate with the other colonies regarding common complaints against the British. Members of that committee include, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee. Virginia is followed a few months later by New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut and South Carolina. 1773 May 10, the Tea Act takes effect. It maintains a threepenny per pound import tax on tea arriving in the colonies, which had already been in effect for six years. It also gives the near bankrupt British East India Company a virtual tea monopoly by allowing it to sell directly to colonial agents, bypassing any middlemen, thus underselling American merchants. The East India Company had successfully lobbied Parliament for such a measure. In September, Parliament authorizes the company to ship half a million pounds of tea to a group of chosen tea agents. 1773 In October, colonists hold a mass meeting in Philadelphia in opposition to the tea tax and the monopoly of the East India Company. A committee then forces British tea agents to resign their positions. In November, a town meeting is held in Boston endorsing the actions taken by Philadelphia colonists. Bostonians then try, but fail, to get their British tea agents to resign. A few weeks later, three ships bearing tea sail into Boston harbor. 1773 November 29/30, two mass meetings occur in Boston over what to do about the tea aboard the three ships now docked in Boston harbor. Colonists decide to send the tea on the ship, Dartmouth, back to England without paying any import duties. The Royal Governor of Massachusetts, Hutchinson, is opposed to this and orders harbor officials not to let the ship sail out of the harbor unless the tea taxes have been paid. December 16, 1773 About 8000 Bostonians gather to hear Sam Adams tell them Royal Governor Hutchinson has repeated his command not to allow the ships out of the harbor until the tea taxes are paid. That night, the Boston Tea Party occurs as colonial activists disguise themselves as Mohawk Indians then board the ships and dump all 342 containers of tea into the harbor. 1774 In March, an angry English Parliament passes the first of a series of Coercive Acts (called Intolerable Acts by Americans) in response to the rebellion in Massachusetts. The Boston Port Bill effectively shuts down all commercial shipping in Boston harbor until Massachusetts pays the taxes owed on the tea dumped in the harbor and also reimburses the East India Company for the loss of the tea. 1774 May 12, Bostonians at a town meeting call for a boycott of British imports in response to the Boston Port Bill. May 13, General Thomas Gage, commander of all British military forces in the colonies, arrives in Boston and replaces Hutchinson as Royal governor, putting Massachusetts under military rule. He is followed by the arrival of four regiments of British troops. 1774 May 17-23, colonists in Providence, New York and Philadelphia begin calling for an intercolonial congress to overcome the Coercive Acts and discuss a common course of action against the British. 1774 May 20, The English Parliament enacts the next series of Coercive Acts, which include the Massachusetts Regulating Act and the Government Act virtually ending any self-rule by the colonists there. Instead, the English Crown and the Royal governor assume political power formerly exercised by colonists. Also enacted; the Administration of Justice Act which protects royal officials in Massachusetts from being sued in colonial courts, and the Quebec Act establishing a centralized government in Canada controlled by the Crown and English Parliament. The Quebec Act greatly upsets American colonists by extending the southern boundary of Canada into territories claimed by Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia. 1774 In June, a new version of the 1765 Quartering Act is enacted by the English Parliament requiring all of the American colonies to provide housing for British troops in occupied houses and taverns and in unoccupied buildings. In September, Massachusetts Governor Gage seizes that colonys arsenal of weapons at Charlestown. 1774 September 5 to October 26, the First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia with 56 delegates, representing every colony, except Georgia. Attendants include Patrick Henry, George Washington, Sam Adams and John Hancock. On September 17, the Congress declares its opposition to the Coercive Acts, saying they are not to be obeyed, and also promotes the formation of local militia units. On October 14, a Declaration and Resolves is adopted that opposes the Coercive Acts, the Quebec Act, and other measure taken by the British that undermine self-rule. The rights of the colonists are asserted, including the rights to life, liberty and property. On October 20, the Congress adopts the Continental Association in which delegates agree to a boycott of English imports, effect an embargo of exports to Britain, and discontinue the slave trade. 1775 February 1, in Cambridge, Mass. , a provincial congress is held during which John Hancock and Joseph Warren begin defensive preparations for a state of war. February 9, the English Parliament declares Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion. March 23, in Virginia, Patrick Henry delivers a speech against British rule, stating, Give me liberty or give me death! March 30, the New England Restraining Act is endorsed by King George III, requiring New England colonies to trade exclusively with England and also bans fishing in the North Atlantic. 1775 In April, Massachusetts Governor Gage is ordered to enforce the Coercive Acts and suppress open rebellion among the colonists by all necessary force.

Outline and evaluate two or more therapies used in the treatment of Schizophrenia Essay Example

Outline and evaluate two or more therapies used in the treatment of Schizophrenia Essay Outline and evaluate two or more therapies used in the treatment of Schizophrenia (24 marks) There is no established permanent cure for Schizophrenia, but there are a variety of therapies which help prevent schizophrenic episodes and also help sufferers deal with their mental illness. One of the main types of therapy used is drug therapy. Drug therapy involves issuing a patient psychotherapeutic drug(s) which are used to alter the chemical functioning of the brain by affecting the action of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters transmit signals between nerve cells called synapses. Neurotransmitters lead to changes in moods, feelings, perception and behaviour. The main category of drugs used for treating Schizophrenia is anti- psychotic drugs or neuroleptics. These lessen psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations, examples of these drugs could be chlorpromazine or clozapine. Typical antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) work by reducing dopamine within schizophrenia sufferers. Common forms of neuroleptics include drugs such as Thorazine, Prolixin and Haldol. These drugs actually block the activity of the dopamine neurotransmitter, the drugs take effect within 48 hours but it can be everal weeks before a noticeable difference is seen with symptom reduction. Barondess (1993) research looked into balancing the dosage of the drug, lowering the drug dosage reduced the side effects but also reduced the effectiveness of the drug meaning it wouldnt necessarily be a successful or quick recovery compared to high dosages of the neuroleptics. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and evaluate two or more therapies used in the treatment of Schizophrenia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and evaluate two or more therapies used in the treatment of Schizophrenia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and evaluate two or more therapies used in the treatment of Schizophrenia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although this showed clear evidence for the effectiveness of neuroleptics in combating schizophrenia, emphasized when changing the dosage changes the effectiveness of the neuroleptics. Comers (2001) esearch study looked into the effectiveness of the drugs, and found that for the majority of schizophrenia sufferers the drugs were effective and are the most successful treatment as they are more effective as a single treatment opposed to other therapies available. Researches conducted about neuroleptics shows neuroleptics are effective in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia especially positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Although relapse rates appear to be high and fast from coming off the drugs, meaning that essentially the patients will need to permanently ake these drugs. Neuroleptics are well known for their large set of side effects that are damaging to patients health and wellbeing, reports of sedation, grogginess, blurred vision and impaired concentration. Approximately 2% of all patients who are using neuroleptics develop neuroleptic malignant syndrome which involves the patient gaining muscle rigidity, altered consciousness and fevers which can be fatal. Another serious side effect that is a negative to neuroleptics is that around 20% or more patients who have been regularly taking the drugs for over 1 year end up imb movements and writhing of the mouth or face and even if the patient comes off the drugs these effects can be lifelong. Although Birchwood and Jacksons (2001) provided contradictory evidence as their study concluded that there was no evidence that the use of neuroleptics were effective within treating the negative symptoms. Newer drug therapy for Schizophrenia is using atypical antipsychotics such as Clozaril and Zyprexa. These drugs work in the same way as typical antipsychotics by blocking/lessening the effects of the dopamine neurotransmitter but they also alter serotonin activity. Meltzer (1999) found in his study that roughly 33% of patients whoVe had no success when using neuroleptics responded much better with the atypical drug clozapine. Awad and Vruganti (1999) also backed the atypical drugs success rates when their study showed that 85% of patients suffering with schizophrenia benefitted from being on atypical drugs compared to the 65% rate given to those using neuroleptics. As Birchwood and Jackson found that neuroleptics had no effect within treat the negative symptoms of schizophrenia Remmington and Kapur found in 2000 that atypical drugs treat the negative symptoms of chizophrenia making atypical a preferred choice in medication. Atypical drugs are favourably the better choice for when using drug therapy to treat schizophrenia as it is more effective for symptoms and also has a higher rate of success within patients. The side effects of atypical drugs are also fewer compared to those of neuroleptics. There is one serious side effect of atypical drugs which is agranulocytosis, the risk of developing this is 1-2% and involves reduction in white blood cells within the patient which can be life threatening although olanzapine a type of atypical doesnt cause his side effect. Drug therapy in total is the most effective than any other therapy that is used within the treatment of schizophrenia and the speed of therapy with drugs is much more rapid than that of psychological therapies. Although drug therapy only treats the symptoms of schizophrenia, and doesnt manage to address the underlying reasons that are responsible for causing the illness within sufferers which means that patients will have to stay on the drugs to keep the symptoms suppressed and by coming off them most of the symptoms that the drugs are removing return relatively fast. Another issue with drug therapy for treating schizophrenia is that its not 100% effective and therefore is not working for every patient. Atypical drugs as mentioned earlier by Awad and Vruganti are 85% effective and neuroleptics even less which means that theres a minimum of of schizophrenia sufferers who drug therapy has no benefit towards creating individual differences. Also neuroleptics have no effect towards treating negative symptoms within patients so there are nowhere near as effective as using atypical drug therapy. herapy when treating schizophrenia, and helps the dopamine system because there s an imbalance in schizophrenic sufferers although this isnt necessarily the root cause. One issue with drug therapy within schizophrenics is compliance because it can be difficult to confuse someone who is deluded and not in a correct state of mind to take the drugs which reduces its appropriateness and effectiveness. Drug therapy is also a reductionist form of treatment towards schizophrenia sufferers as it focuses on biological factors contributing towards the illness and ignores the psychological approach. Another form of therapy within schizophrenia is ECT (electroconvulsive therapy), this orm of therapy was found when observing that epileptics dont develop schizophrenia, resulting in the conclusion that the two disorders could not both be had by an individual at the same time. This led to the theory that inducing seizures like those that epileptics endure could help treat schizophrenia patients. Initially this therapy was done using drugs but then it changed to electric shocks as it was found they could produce seizures and that ECT has better outcomes than using drugs such as cardiazol. An electric current is passed through the patients head which in turn causes brain eizures. Originally it could result in broken bones as the entire body of the patient would be in seizure. Modern ECT uses muscle relaxants to minimise the convulsions the patient has and a use of anaesthetics allows the patient to sleep during the treatment and so therefore has no anxiety. Chanpattana (2007) found that the effects of ECT caused a reduction in positive schizophrenia symptoms and also improves social life and functioning. However ECT actually had no effect or worsened negative symptoms of the illness. Tharyan and Adams (2005) found that the effects of ECT was eneficial short term similar to those of drug therapy however the beneficial effects were smaller than drug therapy, and it was unclear whether or not any long term improvements came from the use of ECT. ECT has moderate effectiveness; it can improve symptoms rapidly for schizophrenia sufferers but those improvements only seem to be short term and long term improvement doesnt occur generally. ECTs actual effectiveness towards the symptoms is also limited because on its own it doesnt offer the same amount of success as drugs. ECT is also less effective for negative symptoms and only effective n treating positive symptoms within sufferers, for example it doesnt help towards reducing lack of motivation, emotion and social withdrawal. Also this therapy similarly to drugs only really treats the symptoms and not what actually causes schizophrenia making it a palliative treatment. The treatment itself is quite consistent with how the biological outlook on schizophrenia works, as it appears the majority of symptoms caused by schizophrenia come from dysfunctions of the brain and therefore treatment that directly affects the brain that alters how it functions is rather appropriate in terms of ECT has side effects such as memory loss, neurological damage and cognitive impairments. This can be an issue that some patients do not want to deal with making it hard to treat a patient if drug therapy is ineffective. However most of the side effects are only short term whereas drug therapy especially with typical (neuroleptics) has some serious long lasting side effects that are damaging to the human body. Its also a reductionist form of therapy as it only focuses on one factor similar to drug therapy with is the biological factors clearly ignoring the psychological approach to treatment. Some people would say that because schizophrenia isnt exact science and as we dont know the true root cause of the illness then this treatment may not be appropriate for sufferers as the side effects as previously mentioned can be a lot to deal with when we arent even certain the treatment is actually treating the symptoms properly. ECT also has ethical issues as ECT is quite an extreme form of therapy when people undergo the treatment there are issues with whether or not the patient truly wants to undergo the therapy and that they might have been pressured into ECT.

Dolce and Gabbanas Fingerprint

Dolce and Gabbanas Fingerprint Dolce and Gabbana’s market section entails customers above the age of twenty-five coming from a stable and preferably strong financial background (Vivanco 15). Dolce and Gabbana’s target market is the top and wealthy class of societies from across the globe interested in stylish, classy, and fashionable commodities. Dolce and Gabbana’s positioning involves stylish, contemporary, distinctive, and creative luxuries with class.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Dolce and Gabbana’s Fingerprint specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The luxury cursor as applied to Dolce and Gabbana Social motion pictures are a more popular strategy amongst luxury organizations today than they have ever been. However, it might be hard to steer transactions solely based on social motion pictures (Vivanco 40). In addition, contributing an economic option to a YouTube channel is a simple method of bringing customers to a w ebsite and purchase apparel and accessories that they recently viewed in the social video. This is Dolce and Gabbana’s luxury cursor (Vivanco 41). Dolce and Gabbana branded a YouTube channel that permits a video-instilled experience that incorporates rich factors of narration, appropriateness, and marketing for ecommerce through elegant banners. Contemporary society thrives in an era of multiplatform utility and Dolce and Gabbana makes a stylish editorial the same as the likes of Vogue, W, V, and interview magazine (Vivanco 77). Consecutively, clicking on other parts of Dolce and Gabbana’s YouTube channel highlights thumbnail still pictures from every video. Browsing through these videos with a cursor also highlights the video title and other information. Dolce and Gabbana’s used to employ digital efforts with a range of objectives in mind in the course of the second quarter of 2012. Nonetheless, it is definite that email, site, and social media are more overbea ring to a contemporary promotion plan in 2013 than 2012 (Vivanco 107). Eventually, these efforts can make a 360-degree brand message stronger than other brands. Italian fashion brand Dolce and Gabbana recently retooled its YouTube channel to give the appearance and experience a lift of the brand world. The organization managed to make these changes by applying stylish artistic and clear journalistic lines, per Dolce and Gabbana (Vivanco 109). The Dolce and Gabbana YouTube channel runs on featured motion pictures, collections, movements, splendor, friends and occasions, visions and accessories. The channel enables users to browse through each highlighted video using the arrows on the section (Roberts 2013). On the other hand, clicking on other sections highlights thumbnail unmoving images from every video. Browsing over the motion pictures using a cursor highlights the title and also provides other information about the video (Vivanco 110). For example, the ecommerce section of Dolce and Gabbana youtube channel attracts buyers straight to the Dolce and Gabbana site.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From here, the buyers can peruse through various drifts. Dolce and Gabbana appears to be trailblazing this marvel that is on the verge of raising ecommerce dealings, particularly when buyers simply watched a motion picture that gets them in the spending frame of mind. SWOT Analysis Strengths Dolce and Gabbana is a robust brand status. Dolce and Gabbana’s biggest market section comprises of loyal customers. Dolce and Gabbana has creative and exclusive commodities appropriate for people’s preference for change and quality launched often (Vivanco 158). Dolce and Gabbana has a huge collection of brands. Weaknesses All of Dolce and Gabbana commodities are costly, which limits its consumer base to the wealthy and classy group of society. Dolc e and Gabbana’s operations are highly dependent on economic fluctuations. As a result, Dolce and Gabbana has greater sales when the market settings are improved and vice versa than when the market is in turmoil (Vivanco 161). Dolce and Gabbana faces strong rivalry from other luxury brands such as Louie Vuitton and Gucci. Opportunities Dolce and Gabbana has an expanding market in the luxury section in financial systems such as India and China (Vivanco 166). Dolce and Gabbana has commodity and services growth across the globe. Dolce and Gabbana has a high innovation rate in commodities. Threats Dolce and Gabbana faces a lot of robust rivals competing in terms of creativity, elegance, and stylishness. Dolce and Gabbana finds it hard to break the loyalty of consumers from other brands (Vivanco 169). Dolce and Gabbana makes large investments in marketing of its brands. Dolce and Gabbana Future The designers of Dolce and Gabbana may have to reduce their anger when it comes to deali ng with rivalry and media controversies (Roberts 2013). This is because Dolce and Gabbana has a record of poor public relations, which is a disadvantage for a company trying to penetrate new markets (Vivanco 185). Dolce and Gabbana has a record of poor public relations because the organization was forced to close stores in Milan in july 2013 because of public criticism (Roberts 2013). The organization was compelled to put up signs of â€Å"closed for indignation,† which escalated the problem of public criticism instead of solving it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Dolce and Gabbana’s Fingerprint specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to prevent future exhibition signs of indignation shutdowns, Dolce and Gabbana may have to avoid any other form of confrontation with rival organizations apart from demand and supply. Dolce and Gabbana may also become reluctant out of all proportion of suffering the al legations of the tax organizations and the Italian income returns authorities (Roberts 2013). For instance, Dolce and Gabbana’s owners were convicted of more than  £860 million of tax avoidance (Roberts 2013). Dolce and Gabbana may not succeed penetrating new markets if it does not stop these convictions from public figures and the ongoing media humiliation. Roberts, Hannah. Dolce Gabbana close their Milan shops in protest at being pilloried over tax evasion convictions. Mail Online, 19 Jul. 2013. Web. Vivanco, Mariano. Dolce Gabbana Uomini. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Incorporated, 2011. Print.

In Spoken French, the Ne in Negatives May Be Dropped

In Spoken French, the Ne in Negatives May Be Dropped French negation can be tricky. Normally, to make a statement negative you need to surround the conjugated verb with the formal French negative adverb  ne...pas. However, if youve ever watched French movies or television, or chatted with native speakers, you have almost certainly heard pas (or another negative adverb) used without ne, because this is a typical construction, characteristic of informal and familiar French. Although  the full express  (ne...pas)  is nearly always written out, the ne  is often dropped in spoken French. But  you should be able to construct a sentence, in most cases, using the full ne...pas  that means the same thing.  Pas  without  ne can be used to negate adjectives, adverbs, nouns, pronouns, and verbs.   Purists will tell you that using pas without ne  is wrong (and they tell me I shouldnt teach it), but the reality is that this is how the French speak now.  So if your goal is to sound more French, thats how you should speak, too. Informal Negative Statements Without Ne Je ne sais pas. Je sais pas.  Or even:  Jsais pas,  Sais pas,  and  Chais pas (pronounced  Shai pah). (I dont know.)  Il ne va pas venir. Il va pas venir. (He isnt going to come.)Elle nest pas encore arrivà ©e. Elle est pas encore arrivà ©e. (She hasnt arrived yet.)Ne bouge pas  ! Bouge pas  ! (Dont move!)Il ne faut pas faire à §a  ! Il faut pas faire à §a. (You shouldnt do that!Note: Its not just  ne...pas  constructions where speakers drop the ne; they do as well with all the other negative structures.Je nai plus dargent Jai plus dargent. (I dont have any more money.)Nous ne le voyons jamais Nous le voyons jamais. (We never see him.)Je nai aucune idà ©e Jai aucune idà ©e. (I have no idea.)Je nen sais rien Jen sais rien. (I dont know anything about it.)

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 53

Journal - Essay Example There has been an increase in cyber bullying and computer harassment, raising concerns among the public. As a result, measures to put to an end these unethical practices have been put in place in order to protect individuals’ rights and freedoms (Laudon & Traver, 2012). For instance, there has been institution of anti-harassment regulations by workplaces, schools, social working sites, and internet service providers among others in order to prevent cyber bullying and harassment. The use of websites has become popular in technical organizations, helping in communication within an organization. Websites have been designed by scientists and engineers in various fields in order to ease operations in an organization, and also to ensure global expansion of business operations. A website constitutes of correlated webpages that have been connected in to an entire document. These documents used by individuals in grasping information concerning a certain organization. People read through the website from one type information to the other visually, or by scanning. There are various features of a website that include home page, page, note page, site maps, search engines, linking, and navigation bar among others (Laudon & Traver, 2012). As a result, websites have played an imperative role in ensuring efficiency in

Is the English Law on Ancillary Relief Defective Essay

Is the English Law on Ancillary Relief Defective - Essay Example In cases of divorce, nullity of marriage, judicial separation and presumption of death and dissolution of marriage in England and Wales, a party to the dissolved marriage may claim for pecuniary award for the determination of issues regarding consequential monetary matter. This court proceeding is formally called Ancillary Relief. It is that part of the course of action which determines the financial concern as between the parties to the marriage. In reality, once the husband and wife decide to annul their marriage, they usually see eye to eye and make up their minds to go through the process of divorce, taking into consideration the fact that they have earnestly thought about it over and over, including its consequences. Eventually, after the couple has finally decided to accept that their marriage is really over, they commence the discussion on issues regarding the children (if there be any) and the separation of their property. More often than not, the couple sorts out by agreement these aforesaid issues. Generally, for cases of divorce between spouses, where the applicant is a resident or domiciled in England, the English Courts have the jurisdiction to conclude and determine whether the granting of a decree of divorce is warranted under given circumstances. The process of ancillary relief is included in this procedure wherein the English Courts are given a wide range of discretion to decide the amount of relief to be awarded for the benefit of one of the spouses and/or their children. Considering the fact that jurisdiction is vested on the English Courts if the applicant is a resident or is domiciled in this country, it follows then that a foreign spouse who is domiciled and resident abroad may be granted a financial relief. But this is not to say that the rule on this situation is limitless. There are some cases where the courts have declined to issue orders of relief to those foreign spouses on the ground that the courts believed that it would be utterly ineffective to do so. One relevant case is the early case of Tallack v. Tallack [1927], where the court found that one respondent had no substantive link or effective connection with England, and the courts of the country where he is domiciled and resident would have rejected the execution of the English order, the English court refused to make an order of ancillary relief. The all-embracing and extensive scope of use by the English courts' legally sanctioned authority to decide between a variety of outcomes in determining the financial award for ancillary relief has the underlying moral basis of trying to preserve for each party their financial status as it would have been, had the marriage continued to subsist. [Sherwood v. Sherwood (1928)] On the other hand, ancillary relief of the English law is often criticized and condemned for being flawed by some jurists overseas. They claim that "it is inappropriate to the modern concept of matrimony as a partnership since it is 'a law of separation of assets' and that it is illogical in a marriage partnership in which in theory there should be 'community of property' unless there are special reasons for contracting out of such a position." In the landmark case of White v. White (2000), Lord Nicholls made a clear-cut statement that "(t)he statutory provisions lend no support to the idea that a claimant's financial needs, even interpreted generously and called

Human development Essay Example for Free

Human development Essay Life starts at conception. Immediately fertilization takes place changes and events occur that will determine the kind of person to be born. This research tries to find out the effect of early life on the later life of an individual. And if early life affects the later life of the individual, then do children who grow up in violent communities have a tendency to exhibit violent behaviors as adults? The research will apply the cross-sectional design. People who differ in age are studied at the same time. A comparison of age related changes and the social behavior is done. A hypothesis is put forward and a cross-sectional experiment is done to test it. One advantage of this design is that one can collect data from different ages of children over a short period of time. Stages of human development After fertilization takes place, the zygote is formed. The zygote undergoes cell division some hours after it is formed. It takes one week to reach the uterus. In the uterus there occurs implantation. The zygote makes connection to the blood vessels. This process takes about one week(Brian Scott, 2005). After the zygote completely implant into the uterus, it becomes the embryo. This stage occurs between the 3rd week and the 9th week. During this stage the human body structure start to develop. The internal organs also start developing. The embryo consist of three layers: the ectoderm, the outer layer; the endoderm, the middle layer and the endoderm, inner layer. The ectoderm develops into the skin and hair; the mesoderm develops into bones , cartilages and the cardiovascular system ; the third layer develops into the internal organs . The heart start beating after four weeks. By 8 most body organs can be seen in although not well developed. Brian and Scott, 2005 ). The embryo rest in the amniotic sac which contains amniotic fluid. This fluid protects it. The embryo is connected to the mother via the placenta and the umbilical cord. The development of the embryo follows two principles: the cephalocaudal i. e it develops from head towards the legs and the proximodistal – the parts near the centre of the body develops first e. g the arm develops before the hands (Lichtenberg Norton,1970). The third stage is the Fetus stage. This stars from the ninth week. At this stage, most body organs start to work. There is remarkable increase weight. During this period, the body systems like the respiratory system develop. The fetus can move and play in the uterus. It can hear the heart mother’s hear beat and the mother speak. It can detect flavor. The fetus’s senses are developed. The sensory influence can have a lifetime effect on the fetus. A research done by deCasper and Spence( cited in Lorraine ) shows that the last few months of prenatal developments can shape the life of the newborn infant. It can have either positive or negative effect on the infant. For instance extreme stress in the mother can have several effects: First, the stress tigress the production of hormones which reduces the level of oxygen consumption of the fetus. Second, stress may affect eating habits of the mother thus affecting the fetus in turn. Third, it may cause the mother not to take onto account resting, exercising and may influence her to drink. All these have negative effect on the fetus (Joseph , Sandraw,1994). The mother’s age. The mother’s age seems to have an effect on the newborn baby. For instance teenage mothers mothers are likely to have problems during pregnancy and during birth. This is because they may not have the resources and skills to give them a good prenatal care. Again children born by teenage mothers may have problems. However a study ( Leavitt, 1993) revealed that it is the environmental and economic background that affect the child and not necessarily the age of the mother. Also the prenatal care given to the mother determines the behavior of the child. Nevertheless, older women, over 35 years experience more problems during pregnancy than younger women. They also record higher rates of miscarriage and Down ’s syndrome (Cited in Nelson). In general, for a healthy pregnancy and healthy baby, the age of the mother should be between 20 to 35 years. Teratogens. : Drugs, deseases and environmental harzards. Teratotegen is anything that affect a pregnancy. Some teratogens are: Drugs: Many drugs consumed by pregnant women pose great danger to the fetus and the mother. This was discovered after a drug called thalidomide caused women to bear children with malformed body organs. Thalidomide was being used by pregnant women to assist them sleep Other examples of teratogens are alcohol, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine and cigarettes. Joseph Sandraw, 1994). Diseases: Some diseases do not have any serious effect on the pregnant women. However most viral and bacterial diseases have effect on the pregnancy. The most serious ones are AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis and genital herpes. These may cause low immune system and various disorders in the unborn (Lichtenberg Norton, 1970). Environmental hazards: The wastes from the industries contain chemicals. These chemicals may be absorbed into the mother’s body in small quantities through breathing and drinks. These cause great damage to the fetus since they are teratogens. Environmental teratogens are more serious because the mother may not be aware that she is taking it. Thus she may not have control over it. (Joseph Sandraw, 1994). However some teratogens may be avoided especially those found in food as food additives. Freud(1954) suggested that life starts at birth. Most psychoanalysts of his time believed so. They believed that the brain developed at infancy. Winnicot(cited in Freud) did a research which found that the experience of the unborn is very important the infant. It could have emotional implications that could affect the person even as an adult. Winnicott observed children and saw that there very many differences. He noted that problems caused during labor could traumatize the baby who develops a lot of distress. He conclusively said that the experience gained in the womb remain in memory for a lifetime. In the womb, traumatized fetus even develops defensive mechanisms to face the expected trouble. Later research therapists conducted research and were able to conclude that early trauma created a lot of fear for the rest of the life of the infant. The feelings of anxiety, seeing being devoured by ogres, falling into a bottomless bit are as a result of early trauma. An example is given of an infant who was mistakenly exposed to cold in a very cold night (Lorraine). This child always dreamt lying in the refrigerator and this continued even after 30 years. This shows that early trauma caused the infant to expect disaster at any time. However the discovery of the effect of perinatal trauma on the life of an individual helped therapists to treat patients with problems related to early trauma (Freud, 1954). Recent research by perinatal psychologists, neurobiologists, experimental psychologists has shown great connection of fetal trauma to problems experienced later in life. Initially biologists used to think that the fetus had incomplete myelination of neurons and therefore it could not have memories. Research shows that the thinly myelinated nerves of fetus can transmit waves but at a lower rate. Joseph et al.. Thus the experience gained in the womb may make one to be aware of violence, disaster lack faith. With this in mind, parents have started to consider the unborn as part of the member of the family. A father who played a game with a baby and the mother found that the next baby easily learnt the game. These parents tried to avid any experiences that may cause fetal distress (Lichtenberg Norton,1970). Fourteen independent studies have shown the relationship between antenatal maternal anxiety and emotional distress in the child. Prenatal stages are likely to be affected by antenatal stress. These reports have suggested that maternal distress affect the fetus as evidenced by increased fetal heart rate (FHR). This is done by use of ultrasound and monitoring FHR over long periods of time. Both the experimental and distress –induced study design have been employed to achieve this. For a normal case, at about the 15th week of the pregnancy fetal movements exhibit a certain pattern. As developments progress the fetal movements become dependent on specific heart rate pattern. These patterns finally develop into sleep-wake patterns which characterize stable temporal origination near term. There is a relationship between body movements and FHR accelerations. Fetal behavior is organized in rest activity or sleep- wake cycle (Lichtenberg Norton, 970). Effect war and social violence Family violence and trauma caused by war are passed through generations. Adults who were exposed to abuse and violence are more likely to show violence to their own offspring. They have difficulty forgetting their past and live normally. War and violence are everywhere in our societies. Many ethnic clashes continue for years and our children are being exposed to their effects. The children are being thought that disputes are being solved by use of violence. This violence is passed from generation to generation. Research and behavioral science has began to confront the problems of children exposed to violence. (Heidi, 2002). Over the last few decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of domestic violence. Domestic violence has severe effect on families and society in general. Domestic violence can be in the form physical abuse, psychological abuse and sexual abuse. Exposure to violence creates traumatic stress. Traumatic stress can be either short term or long-term. Terr ( cited in Brian Scott, 20005) describes short term trauma as â€Å"Type I† e. g a single event of rape or beating. He described repeated or prolonged trauma as â€Å"Type II†. Type II has more serious effects than type I. Individual exposed to this kind of trauma may develop Post Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD makes one to show routine withdrawal and oversensitivity. Many children from domestic violence homes show levels of (PTSD) (Leavitt, 1993). If untreated, the children exhibit violent behaviors, delinquency and other social and psychological problems. Since young child do have the ability to express themselves verbally, the emotional problems developed are behavioral such as lack of sleep, feeding problems, inability to concentrate, withdrawn and physical complaints. The pre-adolescents child may in addition to the above problems show loss of interest in peers, poor self concept violence,, defiant behavior and temper out bursts. Adolescents are likely to fail academically and start abusing drugs. Youth who exhibit violent behaviors can be traced to families experiencing domestic violence. An estimated 20% 30% of dating teenagers abuse or are being abused by their partners mentally, sexually, emotionally or physically. Between 30% and 50 % of adult relationships show the same cycle of violence (Leavitt, 1993) Nelson ( 2000), points out that community violence also has an impact on children who were victimized or who witnessed member of community or family members being victimized get affected. The effect of violence spread to even those children who are not directly affected by violence. Violence tampers with activities of the child which might make the child a better person. Impact of violence on the child depends on the level of development of the child. Early exposure to violence is more detrimental than later exposure( p. 266) In 1995 FBI report it reported that 27% of all violent crime involved domestic violence. All forms of violence affect the child’s mind. One study was done to show the connection between the brain and someone’s violence. Psychologists observed brain imaging data for a great number of people with violent behaviors. The research focused on specific brain regions. One was the orbital frontal cortex and the amyglada. The results showed that most of the cases, there was absence of normal activity in the orbital and anterior regions. While the shoed normal activity. The two regions will not counteract and this may explain some people are hyper aroused ( Lorraine).

Protect Me? Essay -- Essays Papers

Protect Me? I’ve decided to write my paper on protection policies associated with trade. I should let you know that I’ve been reading the book â€Å"Trade Under Fire† and I agree that trade restrictions â€Å"overall† cause more harm than good. I’ll focus mainly on American policies regarding import tariffs and the impact it has on domestic producers and the domestic job market. My paper will be delivered as follows: †¢ Benefits from Trade †¢ Imports and Exports †¢ Tariffs on Imports †¢ The Job Issue †¢ Conclusion Benefits from Trade: As we’ve discussed in class, any time there is trade there are benefits. David Ricardo helped prove this with his Law of Comparative Advantage, which states: â€Å"Each country (involved in trading) should completely specialize in producing the good that it has comparative advantage in and then exchange the good with other countries to import goods it wants, if this is done each trading country gains from free trade.† This makes sense and every model we’ve done in class shows countries that trade with each other increase their consumption possibilities. This potential increase in consumption is known as â€Å"gains from trade†. The gains from trade can be limited however by protectionist policies. These are policies put in place by governments to protect domestic firms from being hurt by free trade. There are numerous ways to enact protectionist policies for domestic firms. The main one I’m going to talk about is tariffs (taxes). But first let’s talk about the balancing act that takes place between imports and exports. Imports and Exports: In the book â€Å"Free Trade Under Fire† Douglas Irwin discusses the mutuality (balancing act) that needs to take place between imports and exports. Basically, pr... ...cally been good for consumers and bad for firms. But when you factor in the job issue it frightens workers into thinking that if they don’t stick with their firm and fight imports they won’t have a job. Creating an alliance between firms and labor against imports. Nobody wants to be unemployed. And being told that â€Å"your job is obsolete but a different job that might pay more is on the way† doesn’t really cushion the blow of being laid off. But the overall picture (long run or long term effect) basically states that protection doesn’t benefit the world overall. This is in my opinion the strongest case for free trade. References Free Trade Under Fire: By Douglas Irwin Principles of Macroeconomics (Vijay Sharma): Notes by Jeff Maffitt International Trade (Steven Beckman): Notes by Jeff Maffitt International Finance (Suzanne Uroz-Korror): Notes by Jeff Maffitt

One Writer’s Vision: Jane Austen Essay

Admiral Croft who was among the nouveau riche, had the financial means to rent Kellynch Hall from Sir Walter, one of the so-called landed gentry. What does Jane Austen’s treatment of class and social mobility reveal about these men and their women such as Anne Elliot and Mrs. Smith? Which group fares better and why? In her novel, â€Å"Persuasion,† Jane Austen sends a clear message that times are changing and what was once the â€Å"upper crust† of society is gradually losing its foothold. Her portrayal of Sir Walter, alone, would be enough to make a case for this. Here he is, a member of the landed gentry, who has squandered his money away and has to rent out his home in order to make ends meet. Nevertheless, he clings to his ancestral position, as described in the â€Å"Baronetage,† the only book he deems worthy of his time. Clearly, he is a bit blinded by his position in society. This puts it mildly. He is so much more! He is the embodiment of the ever changing, instability of the social classes and a walking depiction of the folly of it all. Oscar Wilde once said, in his play A Woman of No Importance that the Peerage is â€Å"the best thing in fiction that the English have ever done.† It is worth taking the time to examine Sir Walter a bit more closely for while it would be easy to cast him aside as a mere caricature, not someone to take seriously, apparently Jane Austen told us a very lot about her opinion of the class system in England, through the character of Sir Walter. As in all the characters in this novel, I find that there is much more than meets the eye. First and foremost we consider him the fool. He saunters about with a mirror always at hand so that he can admire his own handsomeness as if this is quite an achievement. â€Å"Vanity was the beginning and end of Sir Walter Elliot’s character: vanity of person and of situation.† (Persuasion, Chapter 1). Sir Walter is a snob of the first order whose hollow values include appearance and titles and beyond that, nothing more. He deplores the navy as demonstrated in the passage: â€Å"Yes; it is in two points offensive to me; I have two strong grounds of objection to it. First, as being the means of bringing persons of obscure birth into undue distinction, and raising men to honours which their fathers and grandfathers never dreamt of; and secondly, as it cuts up a man’s youth and vigour most horribly; a sailor grows old sooner than any other man. I have observed it all my life. A man is in greater danger in the navy of being insulted by the rise of one whose father, his father might have disdained to speak to, and of becoming prematurely an object of disgust himself, than in any other line. (Persuasion, Chapter 3) The only characters in this novel that seem to capture the attention and imagination of Sir Walter are his cousins, the Viscountess Dalrymple (what a name!) and her daughter, the Honourable Miss Cataret. Ironically enough these two, look upon Sir Walter as a pesky flea that they would prefer to shoo off but cannot, because of propriety. Even more ironic is the fact that the Honourable Miss Cataret is considerably ugly, a trait that is anathema to Sir Walter in any other case but this. I think that through the character of Sir Walter, Jane Austen shows us what she really thinks of the class system of her time with its entailments and primogeniture. Now we have Admiral and Mrs. Croft, the nouveau riche who become the tenants of Kellynch Hall. Up until this point we have considered the wealth and position of the man in the household as the be all and end all: not so with Admiral and Mrs. Croft. While it is true that it was he, who was enlisted and employed in the navy, it was Mrs. Croft who accompanied him to sea many a time. She was much more, however than a companion to him on his voyages. When it came time to discuss the terms of the rental of Kellynch Hall, this is how she is described by Mr. Shepherd, Sir Walter’s lawyer: â€Å"And a very well-spoken, genteel, shrewd lady, she seemed to be,† continued he; â€Å"asked more questions about the house and terms, and taxes, than the Admiral himself, and seemed more conversant with business;† (Persuasion, Chapter 3). So we see that in this depiction of the nouveau riche, we are treated to another type of change in society; here the woman has a say in the financial dealings of the family; a very refreshing change, I’m sure, to Jane Austen who was subject to the restrictions of entailment in her own family. In sharp contrast to this we have Mrs. Smith, who, like the majority of women at the time, have had their entire life circumstances subsumed under their husband’s authority. They seem to live lives of â€Å"quiet desperation.† Whatever decisions, good or bad (in this case bad) have been made by the men in their lives are of extreme consequence to the unempowered woman. And so, to answer your question, it seems clear that the women of the nouveau riche do fare better than those of the antiquated class system which is so surely entering the realm of obscurity in this novel and moreover in the real times of Jane Austen.

Morality and Competitor Essay

No doubt, Money is an essential, almost indispensable article in the present day world. It is the’ money’ through which we can purchase all the necessary comforts and amenities of life. If you have money, you can obtain what seems impossible to others. It is the money which gives man, confidence, creditworthiness, credentials, capacity, capabilities and courage. In present day materialistic world, money has become very powerful. In the present day corruption, cut throat competition, callous degradation of moral and ethical values, are for the sake of grabbing and accumulating more and more money. The prestige, respect, social status, commanded by a person is calculated per his monetary status. Time has gone, when we valued a person in evaluated of his moral and ethical values. People were earlier known for keeping their words, for donating every thing to a donee. Now people are know in terms of their ranking in the list of rich of the world. Money has become the centre of all activities. Money and muscle power have become essential ingredients of a successful political leader. Money is regarded as omnipotent by a few people, particularly by the poor. As whatever one does not possess, one aspires it badly, and it becomes mono aim of achievement. For the rich, that owe lots of money, still craving to earn more and more, by hook or by crook, with fair or foul means, without caring even for their own health, own family. They are the servants of money, earning money not for the sake of themselves but for the sake of money and a time comes they find themselves unable to use the money for their happiness. They are unable to eat, unable to taste the most delicious dish, unable to move, walk or enjoy because they suffer from many diseases which are the result of their undue craving for wealth at the cost of health. Can one purchase anything with the power of money? No, one cannot. You cannot purchase inner satisfaction with money, you cannot purchase the lost youthfulness with money, you cannot purchase time from the death at any cost. Those who earn money simply to a have more money, more balance in their accounts are no better than the proverbial miser king ‘Midas’. Excessive love for money, make a man slave of money. Money is important for our life, but it is not the most important thing for a human being. Those who use money for fulfilling their necessities, acquiring reasonable comforts and for the welfare of a common good, are the masters of money. But those who earn money just for the sake of increasing its volume and number are slaves of the money. They are the most unfortunate creatures of God who know well that whatever money they are earning, can’t be taken an iota of that when they die even they are minting more and more money. What a paradox Money has become their master and they are just slaves, having no peace of mind, no moral and ethical values, no inner satisfaction. So it is rightly said that money is a good servant but a bad master. Let us use the money for our comfort, not for the sake of money, minting more and more money.

Gun Rights, Gun Control, and Frequently Asked Questions

Gun Rights, Gun Control, and Frequently Asked Questions After nearly every instance of gun violence, talk of new gun control measures heats up. Here we will answer a number of the most frequently asked questions about guns and gun control and a conservative take on why conservatives oppose most new gun control measures. Many Conservatives want to allow school staff to be armed. Wouldn’t allowing guns in schools increase the chance of gun violence? The argument that letting certain trained and certified school officials carry guns will create a â€Å"dangerous† situation is without merit. After all, President Obamas own children go to an elite school with an armed security detail and the school itself has over a dozen guards, mostly made up of trained police officers. Given the elite nature of the school, it is likely that they are armed as well. Of course, there is the reality that we live in a â€Å"do-as-I-say† world where elite politicians send their kids to elite (and armed!) private schools on one hand while doing everything in their power to prevent the lower and middle class from doing the same, sentencing children to time in failing public schools. Beyond the hypocrisy of the ruling elites, gun control advocates argue that the presence of guns could force the escalation of a teacher-student argument into a dangerous situation. I’m not sure why escalation would be limited to a â€Å"gun.† If a school official was driven to the point of drawing a gun, what prevents them from losing it without a gun and attack students in a different way? Wouldn’t they just find a different weapon? Yet there does not appear to be an epidemic of crazy teachers violently attacking students. If our teachers are deranged, then what would stop them from bringing a gun to school even if it were a â€Å"gun free zone†? But this doesn’t happen. Responsible gun owners are rarely the problem with guns. This doesn’t mean we should arm every teacher. In reality, the need for a school official to take action is rare, despite what the media has us believe. But it might be nice in case they were needed. We are told to blame the person and not the gun, but then some argue to blame â€Å"Hollywood† instead. How does that make sense? Advertisers pay millions of dollars to run 30-second television ads and place products predominantly in movies and entertainment programming. Athletes, actors, and singers sign multi-million dollar endorsement deals to publicly support products. Why would a soda company pay for a popular TV character to simply drink from their can during a television show if it had no effect on consumer behavior? (And note that the â€Å"key demographic† for advertising is 18-34 year-old males because they are the most likely to be influenced such advertising.) It’s illegal to run a 30 second television commercial selling cigarettes because it might make kids want to smoke cigarettes. And television shows – and even car commercials – often come with a warning to â€Å"not try this at home.† Why? Because they know people will. Oh, and they will do it regardless of the warning. Now, this is not to say that Hollywood is at fault. But there is a dangerous element when you inundate and desensitize to violence an entire segment of the population. Mix the culture with a person with mental illness and it can become a dangerous situation. Ultimately, individuals are responsible. But we can’t on one hand say that the culture has no effect on behavior when we all know that is not the case. What responsibility does the NRA have in gun control? The NRA supports and teaches responsible gun ownership to people of all ages. They teach classes on gun safety, self-defense, and proper gun usage techniques. They do not promote violence. In fact, they speak out against the entertainment culture that regularly promotes guns and gun violence in a glorified manner. I’d also guess that the problem with gun violence is not among people who are members of the NRA. After all, if they were, we would hear about it. Why does it seem the conservatives’ solution to every gun-related problem is â€Å"more guns†? That can be answered simply by asking another question: Where does crime and mass shooting tragedies happen most frequently? Not surprisingly, in â€Å"gun-free zones.† Notice that mass shooters never head to a police station in hoped of killing or terrorizing people. No, they head to â€Å"gun-free zone† schools or movie theatres with â€Å"no firearms† signs posted everywhere. Criminals will always take the path of least resistance. If a criminal drove upon two streets, one where guns were outlawed and the other were it was mandatory every house had a gun owner, which neighborhood will the criminal rob? It can also be true that a law that mandates gun ownership – yet where no-one in the neighborhood actually owns a gun – can prevent crime as the robber doesn’t know who does and who does not own a gun. And perhaps a school that not only drops the â€Å"gun-free† premise but teaches classes on gun safety and has a shooting range will not be high on a deranged person’s list to go to. But again, it’s also important to stress that such occurrences are very rare in the first place.

The Best Trees for Landscaping a Subdivision

The Best Trees for Landscaping a Subdivision If youre trying to add some greenery to your yard or subdivision, there are dozens of excellent trees from which to pick. The best are robust, native varieties that provide shade and color without requiring too much maintenance. Before making your final decision, study the characteristics of the trees below to determine which one is best suited to your needs. What Makes a Good Landscaping Tree The best trees for landscaping are those that are native to North America and thrive within large geographical ranges. These hardy varieties will endure through the years and support other plants and wildlife. Exotics, while beautiful, tend to have one of two problems: they either go on to develop health problems (becoming insect-infested, diseased, and brittle) or they become a green scourge that threatens native trees and plants. Sometimes they have both problems. These trees also become very large and require significant space to support them. The Best Trees for Landscaping The trees below all make great yard trees within the limits of their potential habitats and growth constraints. They come highly recommended by horticulturists and landscapers. Red Maple:  The red maple is native to Americas east coast. Arthur Plotnik, in The Urban Tree Book, writes that it has become one of the Nations favorite- if not the hardiest- street trees.Yellow Poplar or Tuliptree:  Known for its unique leaves, which become quite colorful in the fall, the yellow poplar is found throughout cities across America. Horticulturist Michael Dirr says that it is hard not to bump into a tulip tree in the course of ones horticultural travels.Red and White Oak: Among the 600 or so oak species, Arthur Plotnick writes, an elite few of these, in the right place at the right time, have inspired the kind of awe and legend attached to gods and heroes. Such trees are mainly of the white oak group.Flowering Dogwood: Found in the eastern United States and southern Ontario, the flowering dogwood is famous for its small red and white flowers. Guy Sternberg, author of Native Trees for North American Landscapes, says it may be the most spectacular flowering tree nativ e to our region. Sycamore: A hardy tree with dark reddish brown bark, the sycamore is found in the eastern and central United States.American Elm: Another tough tree, the American elm is, in the words of Guy Sternberg, massive, long-lived, tough, easy to grow, adaptable and blessed with an arching, wine-glass-like silhouette, making it the perfect street tree.River Birch: Unlike other birches, the river birch has excellent heat tolerance, making it perfect for warmer climates in the southeastern United States.American Holly: According to Michael Dirr, the American holly is considered the finest tree-type evergreen holly. Over the years, more than 1000 cultivars  have been named. No Tree Is Perfect Remember, all yard trees have both good and bad characteristics. It is a rare tree that will satisfy your needs throughout its entire lifespan on a given site. A tree can outgrow its original purpose very quickly or grow into its intended purpose very slowly. Understanding this concept is the key to proper tree planting in your yard. It is extremely important for you to understand that your tree needs early attention after planting and correct care as it matures. You may permanently harm your tree through incorrect placement or improper care.

888 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

888 - Essay Example Said traces most of his perceptive from the colonial era at a time when America had not become the world’s superpower. At this time, the British had colonies in the East and the French was also on the verge of establishing dynasties in the same location. The paper identifies, interprets and analyzes some of the proponents of the Said for use as a lens in the analysis of a primary text. Said pinpoints some assumptions made by the West about the Orient. He assumes that the West perceives Arabs as dishonest, menacing, anti-western and irrational. The text reveals that the thoughts presented in it are in opposition to how he considers the West to think of themselves (5). Therefore, he outlines his broadly projected image of the people of Arabic nature as they feature in the minds of the Western people. Specifically, he acknowledges that the Arabs exist in the western minds as â€Å"others.† According to them, anyone who is not one of them belongs to the category of others. The author addresses his issues using assumptions that one may risk considering to be truthful (7). If one takes such a positive stance, his ideologies and relations with the Arabs may be jeopardized. Hence, while considering Said’s arguments one should be cautious to avoid bias. The call for a new perception and treatment of â€Å"the Orient† that permits the independent representation of authors who belong to the Orient as opposed to the reliance on the second-hand representation is valuable. In respect to the profound dependence on other personalities for ideas, it is significant to notice the widespread use of the word â€Å"orient† on almost half of the world. The mentioning of a greater part of the world as orient expands the bracket of disparity and intensifies the divide on ideology and identity. However, making such broad generalization is unwarranted in the modern day as nations such as Egypt and the Chinese that have achieved a significant level of

Evaluate the main factors you would consider for market selection into Essay

Evaluate the main factors you would consider for market selection into an emerging market country of your choice - Essay Example Before a business can fully begin operations in a foreign, a number of options must be explored and entry models developed and adopted that fit the market in question and its dynamics. Emerging economies have been at the centre of the current wave of international investment due to the potential they hold in terms of investment opportunities and the available market. The emerging economies are blocked together form the BRIC block, which has countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and china. India is currently one of the fastest growing economies with significant business potential due to its high population and political stability (Milhaupt, 2008). Table of Contents Executive summary 2 Indian growth and macroeconomics trend 4 Emerging markets entry modes 6 Trade theory and competitive advantage 8 Socio-political, cultural and demographic considerations 9 Conclusion 13 Bibliography 14 Introduction Block and Quayle (B & Q) is a British based multinational with subsidiaries in china, Ho ng Kong and Taiwan where the company offers its home improvement and DIY services. However, as a means of surviving the current economic instability and seeking new markets, the company seeks to open a new subsidiary in India to tap on the enormous potential the country (Kleinman & Hall, 2007). The business must also develop a much informed entry approach into the economy to help resume normalcy faster once the operations begin officially. In this paper, the factors affecting entry into the international market and more specifically emerging economies will be evaluated. This evaluation will majorly focus on the strategies that B & Q should develop in their quest to enter the Indian market (Bihar, 2013). Indian growth and macroeconomics trend The surging growth of the Indian economy has made it quite easier for multinationals and other smaller firms from other countries to invest in the country and tap on the enormous potential the country presents as an emerging economy. Currently, there has been a significant craze in the development of trade ties between emerging economies and firms from developed countries and this has been attributed to the positive trend of such economic blocks. The broadening economic recovery of India has created significant confidence between investors and other international firms and this explains the current surge of multinationals in the country. India has repositioned itself as one of the major international hubs of investments due to its large human resource, available market for goods and services and positive trends towards development (Sathyamurthi, 2012). The country’s growth rate has been on a positive trend heading towards double digit growth index with the international monetary fund placing the country’s growth index at 8.2% in 2011 financial year. The Asian development bank estimate that Indian middle class has the potential of growing from 1.2 million in 2030 to more than 1.4 billion in 2050, a figure that will translate into an increased national gross domestic product (Sathyamurthi, 2012). According to a study conducted by the oxford economics, Indian growth trajectory promises a better future which the multinationals like B&Q can explore to increase their profitability. In 2010, the country’s economic output stood at Rs 67 trillion, a figure that is expected to expand to over Rs 144 trillion in 2020. This, coupled with the positive demographic trends posted by the country depicts a future with a population

Glass Artist Josh Simpson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Glass Artist Josh Simpson - Essay Example As a matter of fact, Cady carried one of his planets on Space Mission Columbia in 1995. Josh's New Mexico series are also well known. They consist of representations of the night sky in the desert - blue, black and gold hued - showing swirling galaxies and constellations. (Seekers Gallery Website) As he himself states, Josh gets his inspiration from the medium - glass when heated to high temperatures moves fluidly like honey. It has a radiance and translucence, which he finds inspiring. But it's not merely artistic vision that Josh requires to produce this work. Scientific and technical precision (knowing the hows of working with glass and at what temperatures it can be manipulated) the ability to work in uncomfortable and potentially dangerous conditions (the high temperatures of the furnace and the danger of something blowing up) and even physical strength are required, as solid glass spheres are heavy. One of the heaviest planets that Josh has fashioned is 85 lbs, which, the Artist, in The Glass Talk Radio interview states is with a Commercial University. Another of his planets, weighing 50 lbs is displayed in the Yokohama Josh Simpson Sphere Museum. (Simpson Website:Video) Josh has received a commission from the Corning Museum of Glass, New York, for a planet of 100

Gibbs Reflective Cycle 1988 Nursing Essay

Gibbs Reflective Cycle 1988 Nursing Essay I am a Paramedic registered with the health professions council and this essay will look reflectively at an incident I attended during the course of my duties. The assignment will look at the moral, ethical and legal aspects of pre-hospital care with which I was challenged during this particular emergency. Confidentiality has been maintained at all times and names of individuals have been changed, I have also gained permission from the family of the patient and for the purposes of this essay I will call the patient Mr Taylor (HPC 2008) To analyse this critical incident I will use Gibbs reflective cycle. (1988). Description As a Rapid response Paramedic working for the Ambulance service I attend life threatening emergencies during my tours of duty, I work alone and am frequently dispatched to jobs as a solo resource that is without ambulance back up. The incident on which I wish to reflect occurred part way through a shift that had been up to then quiet. I received a call to attend a patient who had collapsed and was semi-conscious. On arriving I was met by a lady who was obviously distressed and she showed me to the patient who turned out to be the ladys husband, he was around 50 years old and was by this time unconscious with poor respiratory effort, I quickly requested a backup ambulance via radio and continued with my assessment of the patient and attempted to gain a history of his condition and what had happened that day. His wife told me that Mr Taylor had been well until 8 weeks before when he visited his doctor for abdominal pain and some rectal bleeding. The GP had sent him for tests at the loc al hospital within a couple of days he had been diagnosed with numerous tumours throughout his body, Bowel, liver & lung and was told it was terminal , he had been given between 3 and 6 months to live. Overall he had still been active and reasonably well until a couple of days before, when he started to deteriorate , that day she had been shopping and when she arrived home had found him in bed semi-conscious and with difficulty breathing. By this time I had gained some observations and placed oxygen on Mr Taylor. My back up ambulance arrived and I did a clinical handover to the paramedic on board it was at this point that Mrs Taylor called me to one side and told me that he wanted to pass away at home and not in hospital, he had expressed a wish not to be resuscitated, she explained that as she was alone with her son living in the south she felt she needed some help when she found him. I asked about a the Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) paperwork and she told me there wasnt any. I explained our position as Health Care Professionals and in the absence of the DNAR we had to act in his best interests. She again reiterated his wishes not to be taken to hospital or resuscitated. As my colleagues continued to assist the patient I contacted our on call Advanced Paramedic for advice , I was asked to verify there was no DNAR in situ with the patients palliative care team first, then if this was the case to contact the patients GP to see if he or she would attend as a matter of urgency. After confirming the absence of a DNAR I contacted the GP who was extremely understanding and attended within 15 minutes. Mr Taylor passed away within minutes of the GP attending. Feelings Situations that deal with someone losing their life are always hard to deal with and cause an array of emotions, in this case sadness, that this lady was losing her husband of 30 years and he was only 50, frustration and irritation of paperwork that should have been in place but was not. The Health professions council (HPC) list one of my duties as a registrant as , act within the limits of my knowledge, skills and experience and if necessary , refer the matter to another practioner (standards of conduct performance and ethics, p3 2006) on this occasion we did this and it is On occasions like this when there is a group of health care professionals I try to include everyone in the descsicon making process and it was agreed it would be wrong to ignore a persons wishes in these circumstances. His wishes had been explained to me by his wife, his palliative team and his general practioner. The Lasting memory for this lady and her family would be that her life partner died at home with his wife, exactly as he had wished. Evaluation As with any emergency situation our priority is safety and ensuring we are aware of any potential danger on scene, and performing dynamic risk assessments during the emergency. My responsibility for safety covers myself, colleague, patient, relatives and any further agencies requested to attend scene. The health and safety at work act (1974) states I should take reasonable care for my own health and safety and also that of others who could be affected by my acts or omissions. On this occasion everything was safe. Looking at the incident I feel there were lots of positives , these include fast and effective communication with the patients relative, and fast assessment of the scene, decision makimg was also quick and effective and minimised any further upset and stress to the patients wife. Conversations with our own AP and the Palliative care staff and GP all fell into place on this job and this is not the norm , we often encounter difficulties contacting various agencies within the NHS . Negatives included understanding of the DNAR side of our advanced decisions policy. Im sure most HPCs would agree that with so many modern policies and proceadures we cannot be expected to know everything , let alone little used sections of certain policies. Morally I was challenged too as my professional guidelines state that in the absence of a DNAR then you must commence resuscitation (JRCALC).2006). Analysis

My Life Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every person in life must go through changes in their lifetime. Some are drastic changes and some are minor changes, but either way, a person must learn to cope with all of sorts of them. Change can take the best out of someone or it can bring the worst out in someone, for example, going to a new school, getting a new haircut, anything can make a difference in a persons life. In my situation, the most enormous change must have been coming to the United States with my family and trying to adjust to a new lifestyle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While growing up in a family of five people including myself, coming to a new country was a horrid experience. Being ten years old myself, things became harder while living with 4 other people, especially when they are all counting on you. Similar to Edite’s life, my first few years in the U.S. became difficult to deal with, considering how I was only a ten year old girl doing things for my family that a normal ten year old child would not do, for example, translating television to important phone calls, it became overwhelming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of the problems, which I dealt with for the first few years, were very consistent. Everyday things such as, watching a movie or watching a sitcom became more of a headache than a relaxing moment. I would spent the program translating what people are saying rather than watching it for myself and being able to enjoy it. Since I was the only one in t...

“Poem” and “About this person” by Simon Armitage Essay

Two of Simon Armitage’s poems, ‘Poem’ and ‘About His Person’ are written about someone who has, for unspecified reasons, passed away or gone. One is in the style of a eulogy and looks back on the life of its persona, presenting contrasting views of it, while the other examines the articles found on a man after his death. Both give the readers some impression of the personas, but are somewhat ambiguous, inviting us to form our own mental pictures of the people and judge them for ourselves. The man in ‘Poem’ seems to have a split personality. Each of the first three stanzas is made up of four lines – the first three dealing with good things he did and the fourth mentioning a drawback, something bad. For example the third and fourth lines of the first stanza read, ‘And he always tucked his daughter up at night And slippered her the one time that she lied.’ Although there are more good than bad things mentioned, the bad is cleverly positioned at the end of the line and this seems to make it overshadow and even cancel out all of the positive actions mentioned. In the context of a eulogy the three positive lines could be what is being said with the last line representing the thoughts of those present at the funeral. Simon Armitage does not conclude on the life of this man, but finishes the poem with: ‘Here’s how they rated him when they lookef back; Sometimes he did this, sometimes he did that.’ This lack of conclusion and the continual juxtaposition of contrasting views of the man’s life do not form a judgement of him, but ask us, the readers, how it is possible to judge someone when he or she is gone. We form an impression of a man who seems dutiful (from his actions such as ‘for his mum he hired a private nurse), yet hot-tempered and domineering (such as ‘And once, for laughing, he punched her [his wife] in the face’), Armitage ends it with such ambiguity that we are forced to reconsider our judgements and  are left with only a vague impression of him. ‘About His Person’ presents its persona via his personal possessions only, which also makes it difficult to draw up an impression of him. However there are hints given about his life, such as ‘crowning one finger / a ring of white unweathered skin’ which suggests he may once have been married but died separated and lonely. It is also suggested by Armitage, however indirectly, that Armitage committed suicide, such as from ‘A final demand / in his own hand’. The poem contains metaphors for death – the library card ‘on its date of expiry’ and the watch, ‘stopped’. These suggest the pre planning of his death. Everything has a double meaning about the man’s life, which is an unusual but effective way of conveying information. From these pointers towards aspects of the persona’s life it is automatic for the readers to create an image of him. However so little information is given that the picture I see in my mind of an elderly widower with no next-of-kin deciding that he is tired of life is undoubtedly quite different to the picture drawn up by another reader. This is a difference between this poem and ‘Poem’ as we have even less of an idea about the dead man’s personality and even less basis on which to judge him. Yet the fact that we do is exactly what Simon Armitage is trying to illustrate – that human nature is to draw up impressions of people from almost no basis. Both of these poems are written from a detached, impersonal view which adds to their effect. This shows that the impressions created are from an uninvolved unbiased individual and that the people described could be anyone – even relatives of the reader. In conclusion, neither poem presents a detailed impression of the man who has departed this life. However through the ambiguous double-meanings, impersonal approach and cleverly thought-out structure they invite the readers to do the impression creation and so ask how we have done this and how we have managed to judge someone who is known to us only through a few lines of poetry.

International Hospitality Management And Leadership Education Essay

The original spirit of critical contemplation is to detect the nucleus index to trip a phenomenal, event, account, etc. Bing a critical mind means that individual should ever try to determine original factors impact to the context he is influenced or the concerned state of affairs so fixing appropriate method when facing similar circumstance in the hereafter. The cumulative nature of this extended consciousness no uncertainty could heighten insight and competency sing the facet insisted. Rigg & A ; Trehan ( 2008 ) implied invention could be achieved as a eventful consequence deducing from critical contemplation: â€Å" † critical contemplation is the procedure by which grownups identify the premises regulating their actions, locate the historical and cultural beginnings of the premises, inquiry the significance of the premises, and develop alternate ways of moving † . Therefore larning journey ‘s quality is merely incremental within important back uping function fr om critical contemplation. This study is so a personal reflective analysis upon the undertaking conducted in â€Å" community impact pattern † faculty every bit good as defining the accomplishment after finishing MSC class.AnalysisContemplation on planning and executing of the undertakingPlaning Choosing the subject Initially, the passion to make a better life for kids was the nucleus ground behind the writer ‘s determination to affect into junior unit. The director ab initio expected to carry on athletics activities such as football, basket balls, etc. purposes to loosen up kids after long survey hours. However, the undertaking was supposed to be impracticable after careful consideration. First, physical nature of playing athletics hinted possible hazard of being injured to kids, particularly the overactive 1s. Not every kid was interested in fall ining physical instruction was another concern because coercing them to take part into this sort of activities would be unethical and illegal. In add-on, a meaningful plan was expected in every community meanwhile playing athletics merely carried modest consequence to kids in term of relaxation. As a consequence, writer determined to prosecute the class which could lend to kids ‘s success over their future instruction. After passing sensible clip to research, music was an optimal subject given its impact to human development. Beside that, bettering necessary accomplishments for kids through an academic music design would instead turn to the issue originally than concentrating on narrow mission such as helping them to work out a peculiar exercising, etc. The following challenge lies on building an effectual music related plan in order to accomplish indispensable accomplishments for the childs. Writer is chiefly confused about whether explicating the proposal within active or inactive attack. Active attack means learning the kids to execute a peculiar instrument while inactive one referred to making attached activities based on listening vocals. Nevertheless, originating a preparation category on instrument ‘s direction was shortly conceived as unfeasibility. Time inefficiency was the first incommodiousness because put to deathing such plan truly consumed considerable continuance whereas the projected was constrained within six months. As a consequence, the accomplishment after finishing the class was improbable able to make expected quality. In add-on, Author ‘s incapableness in executing instruments meant I could non affect straight into the plan. This deficiency of interaction with participants would impede Author to understand important factors toward kids ‘s patterned advance. Economic issue was other trouble since cost of engaging instrumental partic ipant was non cheap. Finally, kids were expected to be patient, hardworking if the preparation category was undertaken meanwhile non many people had this passion at such age so the hazard of being unsuccessful was reasonably high. As a consequence the inactive attack was the optimal option in this circumstance. Proposal A proposal of listening music plan had been formulated. The overarching purposes and aims were all explicated in this authorship. In general, by using the effectivity of music through structuring eventful exercisings after listening vocals, some important accomplishments including imaginativeness, coordination, concentration and forbearance were likely imaginable. The proposal was structured harmonizing to eight standards which were organisation, undertaking, principle, stakeholder appraisal, work dislocation construction, resource, result and impact. However, the proposal ‘s presentation had been ab initio refused by caput of capable and supervisor. After analysing this attack and did comparing with other pupils, the excessively theoretical prejudice throughout the proposal was believe the nucleus ground of this disapproval. Because of this equivocal account, lectors were truly struggle to capture the nucleus purpose that presenter wanted to leave. During the analysis of principle, benefit of music towards human development had been overpoweringly promulgated. Alternatively, other important factors to back up the determination devising including personal sentiment, the ground to take community were perfectly overlooked. Devoid of clear content since the imploring stairss explained why talk could non understand what the writer was traveling to make with his musical plan. The terrible deficiency of elaborate program in work dislocation construction further amalgamate ground to decline my first proposal. Albeit purposes and aims had been set obviously that was to assist kids spread out Numberss of accomplishment, an univocal strategy of how to practically heighten them had non been recommended. All of this typical ignorance had been corrected suitably in the 2nd proposal. The new proposal encompassed apparent building via careful explication sing practical domain in each standard. The imprecise content of the old proposal had been replaced by clear purpose and general counsel on possible activities since the debut. Personal sentiment and community ‘s supporting construction were besides incorporated purposes to consolidate undertaking ‘s feasibleness. Undertaking ‘s sustainability was decently controlled by set uping suited tactics based on contemplation of stakeholder appraisal which comprised of community, participants and parents. Furthermore, work breakdown construction ( WBS ) was besides hypothesized meticulously so it was doubtless able to supply a crystalline direction of how to magnify each accomplishment for kids consequently. First, range of undertaking noted how many kids would fall in the category every bit good as their age. Whereas all information about category agenda via equal activities, timetable were available in â€Å" clip & A ; topographic point † word picture. Academic vocals were adopted purposes to guarantee its content is suited to category ‘s ambiance and kids ‘s age. A lesson was typically classified into three periods which were listening, vocals ‘ account, brooding patterns and being proceeded severally. First portion in the lesson was listening two academic vocals, this might besides considered relaxed clip every bit good as opportunity to better concentration when kids were about immerse in tune. On the other manus, wordss ‘ account would back up kid s ‘s imaginativeness and coordination toward vocals listened, the indispensable competency expected to present in pulling subdivision in brooding patterns. In add-on, dry run was repeatedly performed before making presentation once more in order to present crystalline langue throughout the communicating. Finally, undertaking supervisor was convinced and acknowledged to continue. Community Using to a community was non as a simple procedure as early supposed. Indeed, all electronic mails sent to community were incurred not answer. Possibly the dependability issue was chief factor to these refusals. Therefore, direct communicating attack was implemented purposes to carry communities ‘ principals the benefits undertaking would transport to participants and community if it was allowed to put to death. Direct communicating through telephone, offline meeting was critical solution since its consecutive interaction would be a accelerator towards rule ‘s determination given more precise perceptual experience about Author during the conversation. As a consequence, the undertaking was welcomed by several communities and Thong Kheng Student attention Centre was chosen because of their precise anticipation when opening this unit which was to appreciate moral spirit, age of kids and grasp of art classs. Making a supporting construction for kids ‘s overall development is their chief aim. Furthermore, Centre besides attempts to further kids ‘s invention by appreciating art, trade and music in their day-to-day plan Executing The category was scheduled on every Tuesday and Friday at 9 am, whereas going from place to Thong Kheng community consumed more than one hr. Long journey via early timetable agencies project forced Author an version by seting kiping clip to earlier juncture on old twenty-four hours. In add-on, the promotion of information engineering had impacted writer ‘s determination in respect to method of roll uping resource. Despite on-line pursuit was ab initio preferred, deficiency of handiness, public-service corporation had deterred its rightness. In contrast, learning stuffs ( academic vocals for kindergarten ) would be pursued handily at CDs stores. Consequently, concluding determination was offline purchase. In add-on, category was purportedly managed by implementing two traditional leading theories which were behaviours and situational leading. Contemporary attacks, for case: transactional, personal appeal, transformational, etc. would be inappropriate given kids ‘s current knowledge and class ‘ low complexness. Behavior leading was invented in University of Michigan, Ohio. Initiating construction and consideration were two constituents of this attack. The former emphasized undertaking orientation, subject on exercising influence to subsidiaries ‘ public presentation while consideration preferred showing attention, encouragement to subordinate. Situational leading was the theoretical account developed by Hersey & A ; Blanchard. The theory had introduced a clear counsel on how to use behaviour of consideration and undertaking orientation upon peculiar state of affairs. There was a positive correlativity between employee ‘s competency and consideration and change b y reversal connexion with initiating construction. As a consequence, the complement of situational theoretical account and behavior theory would present excess quality given their clear counsel on how to act efficaciously. However, theory was non ever correct during running this undertaking. Harmonizing to the situational theory, one time kids understood vocals ‘ content deeply, undertaking should give them freedom to construction their drawing and became more consideration by offering them motive. In contrast, some kids sometime lost their involvement in making brooding pattern even being encouraged by Author. Their public presentation would merely be improved one time director was more disciplined and turn toing choice issue of their images. For case: a pupil was required to execute once more after making a careless drawing. Manager so provided a elaborate direction on how to make basic characteristics every bit good as appreciating when that kid ascertained new thought. Afterwards, the kid shortly regains his machination towards undertaking. The ambiance was reasonably formal in the first few lessons because the relation between instructor and kids had been at get downing phase. It was an advantage to get their obeisance in term of making exercising but their vacillation to discourse concerns with director would discourage quality of their work. Therefore, communicating accomplishment had been utilized to accomplish participants ‘ dependability. Once relation was optimized, director began to farther insist on undertaking orientation since some kids lost their concentration when they were accustomed to teacher. Nevertheless, better relation would be a determiner to construct up their assurance on executing vocals. Some valuable information which would profit appraisal on kids ‘s ability was bit by bit revealed through brooding patterns. Participants ‘ typical thought was ascertained by analyzing their contemplation in pulling subdivision. The prevailing though would be categorized into two prevailing though that were originative and structural. The structural pupils preferred to make crystal clear characteristics in their dramas and swayer was their favourite tool. In contrast, originative kids frequently crafted the image by their custodies via developing farther possible environing scenes. The structural participants were appreciated by their logical thought but encouragement to widen their work beyond what was recommended in vocals ‘ content no uncertainty consolidated their coordination and imaginativeness capableness. Creative kids were clever to speculate colourful scenarios alongside basic characteristics. Sections hypothesized in proposal were besides amended to heighten its suitableness. Harmonizing to proposal agenda, participant must listen two vocals foremost prior to make their contemplation. Nevertheless, the immature age of these participants did non let them to have big content within short clip. As a consequence, kids were allowed to execute drawing after listening one vocal. In add-on, common phenomenon was that kids had much better assimilation by supplying them lyric after finishing listening. Behavior of extended undertaking orientation was so implemented through listening activities. Consequently, it non merely improved their hearing accomplishment, the concentration and imaginativeness besides became better.Contemplation on impact and results of the CIP undertakingTheory into pattern Leadership theories As explained above, behavior theory and situational theoretical account were applied to act upon public presentation throughout the category. The voluntary nature of undertaking and immature participants means the operational procedure was non every bit complex as it usually was in concern context. Alternatively of using complicated modern theories, these two traditional methods would be much more appropriate choice. Insight on effectual behaviours was amplified by behavioural descriptions researched in behavior theory. However assorted scenarios in term of practical suggested a cosmopolitan behavior attack was possibly impossible to react all variable fortunes successfully. Consequently, situational theoretical account was complemented to beef up its effectual flexibleness by structuring a clear counsel upon readying of typical state of affairss. Behavior theory & A ; eventful contemplation The theory was developed by university of Michigan, Ohio in 1950s by roll uping prevailing behaviors of director sing assorted domains. New dimension contributed by theory by indicating out influence procedure is non merely one manner interaction, otherwise the behaviour is the consequence of multidimensional impact. Leader expresses consideration to employees non merely for selfless ground, by making so it could besides raises low-level satisfaction so may take to higher public presentation. Yulk ( 2011 ) defined initiating construction constituent as â€Å" leader defines and structures his or her ain function and the functions of subsidiary toward attainment of undertaking ends † . In pattern, an univocal construction had been formulated and applied to every lesson. A category was typically divided into three subdivisions via puting careful undertaking direction for both Author and participant. Class director was responsible to transport the Cadmiums and have permission to necessitate concentration from kids during listening subdivision. Song account was the 2nd stage in a lesson. This subdivision was considered as an intermediary measure prior to carry oning contemplation. Manager offered explication of new words and significance of each sentence in words to kids during this interval so their penetration refering to song ‘s content was doubtless consolidated every bit good as presenting extra quality to reflective exercisings. In concluding subdivision, participants were authorized to execute their pulling based on their apprehension. However minimal criterions had been discussed before the operation aims to integrate fundamentally sufficient characteristics mentioned in the vocal. Beside that, directors reserved the right to disrupt activity to any single. This engagement was cardinal in continuing quality of dramas or even the whole class because impact of single grounds such as restlessness would finally take to careless exercisings. Consequently, a clear outlook sing how to build typical characteristics could assist pupils get the better of their failings. The abovementioned activities reasonably accommodated Yulk ( 2011 ) ‘s sentiment, he believed â€Å" effectual directors concentrated on undertaking oriented maps such as planning and scheduling the work, organizing subsidiary activities, and supplying necessary supply, equipment, and proficient aid † . In term of coordination, kids are encouraged to interchange their perceptual experience, offering aid during account and pulling stage in order to hold a more comprehensive position. A kid could either depict or sketch an object ( recommended in the vocal ) which his equals ne'er saw was a typical illustration. Performing vocals wholly within authorising specific undertakings to each group was an chance to raise their squad work ‘s ability. Consideration is the 2nd typology in leading behaviours. â€Å" The leader acts in a friendly and supportive mode and shows concern for the demands and feelings of subsidiaries † ( Yulk 2011 ) . Subordinates ‘ satisfaction on occupation is amplified by bettering relationship between two parties. As a consequence, this behaviour is reciprocally supportive to side of undertaking orientation particularly in term of increasing commitment degree for a more effectual result. This facet besides contributed dramatically when it was utilized to raise overall spirit in category. Participants were truly confused whether they would capture whole vocal ‘s significance before plunging themselves in the first subdivision ( listening ) . This issue was tackled by showing assurance on their ability from category director. Their assurance farther strengthened by single treatment with director during account period. Manager ever expressed his concern on which characteristics did participant battle to understand. Additionally, any invention either on crafting excess objects in pulling exercising or in teamwork activity was recognized by publically grasp. Situational leading and its eventful contemplation The above theoretical account gives a crystalline direction upon behaviours should be expressed consequently when superior is in typical fortunes. A variable called adulthood determines whether consideration or undertaking orientation is insisted in a peculiar state of affairs. This dimension implies subordinate ‘s capableness in footings of carry throughing their assignments. Harmonizing to the theoretical account, director emphasizes overpoweringly on undertaking behaviours when employees are highly immature. The prejudice of originating construction is bit by bit balanced by consolidating relationship when employees are more capable. In pattern, category director ever concentrate on undertaking during the first two subdivisions when pupil ‘s apprehensions was unambiguous. This behavior normally involved inquiring pupil for their concentration when listening vocals, careful explication of every sentence in the words, illustrate unnoticeable characteristics, etc. Once kids capture whole vocal ‘s significance, behavior shifted to encouragement, acknowledgment of their invention in brooding stage. Indeed, this attack was utile to act upon participants ‘ attempt positively but it was non applicable to every persons. Although some kids ab initio was non interested in making exercisings, their attitude altered to much optimistic after being motivated by director such as showing trust on their ability, appreciation their dramas, etc. Nevertheless, several kids continued to make their image heedlessly even being supported by many consideration behaviours. Alternatively, the consequence would merely be im proved when director imposed more disciplined attitude to these kids. The 2nd phenomenal indicated situational theoretical account was non applicable to all instances particularly in brooding subdivision, possibly this is engendered by the contextual duality between where these voluntary participants involved and echt workplace environment ( salary, earnestness, etc. ) Contemplation on result Although there were several marks had been planned to accomplish before originating the class, relaxation was an indispensable deciding influence straight to the expected quality in category. Whether expected accomplishment would be really fulfilled depended on how good kids were intrigued towards undertakings, whereas there likely was a positive correlativity between relaxation and participants ‘ satisfaction, a important constituent would bring forth better attempt. Consequently, sense of relaxation has been carefully considered since the first subdivision. Music Cadmiums for kindergarten were purchased in a well known Academic Cadmium shop to do certain vocals displayed were appropriate to kids age. Indeed, it absolutely accommodated the expected spirit during this stage ( listening subdivision ) when all kids experience the category gleefully. However, it was improbable to transport the expected consequences by leting kids to bask the category gleefully without being force per unit area. In the first few categories, some kids were non interested in making brooding exercisings so earnestly leaded to inferior quality such as pulling heedlessly, disrupting other equals, etc. These foolhardy behaviours merely eliminated one time category director showing earnestly strong sense of subject every bit good as going undertaking orientation prejudice. Disciplined gesture was so recognized every bit of import as relaxation since it enforced participants the essentialness of at least making basic criterion in their dramas. Since the undertaking was specially designed to profit the kids by turning them Numberss of indispensable accomplishments. Concentration was first mark in docket because it laid the foundation to accomplish other competencies. After finishing the class, kids concentration degree was intensified sing simple activities involved in the first two subdivisions. This competency was continuously exhibited in singing via words during their brooding exercising. However, the concentration was deteriorated when they struggled on pulling normally referred to increasing degree of trouble. Possibly the immature age was the factor to suppress their success on geting an absolute concentration upon brooding exercisings as expected. The 2nd aim was to heightening coordination accomplishment for kids which finally reflecting to quality of their imaginativeness exercising. The appraisal of this knowledge ability would be classified into three hierarchies. At the primary degree, participants would merely capture the vocal ‘s significance after being explained in the 2nd subdivision via farther counsel on building the image. Sign of patterned advance to 2nd ranks comprised of the ability to bring forth an abstract scenario quickly after completing first subdivision and explicating an unambiguous perceptual experience once the 2nd subdivision completed ( song account ) . Finally, competency to get the hang a clear scenario for the image instantly after listening was perceived as highest degree and besides the accomplishment expected to accomplish after finishing this class. Despite there was an obvious patterned advance in coordination accomplishment, the range that ab initio desired was non satisfied. Despite inclination of suggestion upon chalk outing images bit by bit become less frequent, about members so struggled to wholly absorb vocal ‘s content until the handiness of wordss. Age issue was once more believed as a factor to impede their farther betterment since all category members were among five to seven twelvemonth old. Fostering forbearance for kids was satisfied by making a convenient context to bring forth their passion. The positive relevancy between passion and forbearance implicated one time kids became more intrigued toward brooding patterns, their committedness of making exercisings was besides amplified consequently. As a consequence, vocals ‘ subjects were normally accustomed to kids ‘s current knowledge to prolong their involvement during concluding subdivision in a category. Additionally, kids were even expected to keep their forbearance even incurring hard undertaking after finishing this plan. However the inclination to give up was prevailing once they were assigned to reflect abstract facets in a strange vocal ‘s subject. Impact and future deductions Participants were the first group benefited from this undertaking because some important accomplishments for farther development had been progressed. Typical competencies contained forbearance, concentration, coordination were critical to kids cognitive procedure every bit good as set uping back uping construction to obtain better assimilation throughout their educational way. Undertaking the category was besides an chance for writer to rehearse communicating accomplishment, leading by regular interacting with community and kids. Exchanging information to these cardinal stakeholders besides drive director out of comfort zone every bit good as increasing his assurance when fall ining public activity. These characters would be critical for professional development such as version, calling promotion, etc. Participants really showed marks of betterment after completing this class, therefore parents might anticipate continuity of this plan in the community. In return, community would spread out their repute by presenting extra quality to their service deducing from popularising brooding classs.Overall contemplation on larning journeyCritical reflecting and scrutinizing personal cognition and expertness â€Å" MSC international cordial reception leading and direction † non merely built an penetration of theoretical facet in planetary direction sphere, this academic class besides insisted the necessary of practical application by infixing this factor to writer ‘s researches, undertakings. Valuable cognition had been collected sing twosome of important facets at corporate degree such as human resource, long term scheme. Management term is non belonged to contract range of commanding a peculiar determination, it is instead a strategic methodological analysis to transport sustainable growing to organisation based on determination devising procedure and exercising influence efficaciously to equals, subordinate toward achieve overarching intent. My competency pertaining to those facets has been truly optimized after finishing this class. Furthermore, overpoweringly cosmopolitan cognition of direction construct engendered calling mobility for pupils. Despite the class rubric referred to cordial reception industry, penetration in context of direction was even applicable to other sectors given similar managerial environment in modern concern entity. As a consequence, calibrated pupils would be adapted to assorted sectors sing direction map. Furthermore, every faculty was designed within a specific scope of cordial reception content equipped writer unique cognition if he decided to affect into this sector. Academic cognition and practical contemplation were two chief subdivisions involved in leading faculties. Theoretical side pointed out leading was an inevitable certificate to raise and prolong effectual public presentation in an organisation. Researching constituents, rules in both traditional ( behaviours, situational leading ) and modern-day theories ( such as transactional, transformational leading, etc. ) helped writer acknowledge act uponing people was non merely a straightway attack, it was truly an art of interaction driving work force to lend their best attempt. In add-on, variable state of affairs indicated the cosmopolitan leading manner for every state of affairs was improbable. Alternatively, variable context among organisations agencies unsuitably exercising influence to subordinate would finally transport inauspicious consequence to public presentation. Practical assignments consolidated this look by carry oning interview, observation in organisations. In respect to direction faculties, Introduction of theories via fond regard of modern-day issues to organisation particularly in the cordial reception industry revealed the analogy between sustainability and consistency development. Academic aspects liked corporate societal duty, strategic direction, etc. critical contemplation patterns in the context of past, present and future were highly utile to exemplify how sustainability was revised, formulated and maintained. Module â€Å" community impact pattern † supplemented extra quality to the class because construct of critical contemplation had reminded writer the necessity of critical appraisal of cognition during the larning journey by rhenium examining, measuring academic penetration on a regular footing. Furthermore, carry oning the CIP undertaking engendered great opportunity to practically implement twosome of academic theories in the context of leading and direction. Meanwhile, comparison and contrasting diaries in â€Å" research method † theoretical accounts was apathetic to critical contemplation on academic domain. Personal strengths and failings Analytic competency was an writer ‘s capableness which bit by bit became better by set abouting researches, assignments in MSC class. The combination of this ability and forbearance no uncertainty brought an add-on to coursework ‘s standard since account were constantly contemplated carefully within proper usage of academic linguistic communication. Beside that, writer was able to keep calm when interacting with crowd. This certificates and analytical accomplishment were critical when making presentation because proper replies would be delivered quickly after being asked inquiry. However, lack to present drastic behaviour led to incapableness to exercise influence to a squad in a critical state of affairs. This was expressed clearly in CIP undertaking where writer in some circumstance would non drive kids back to public presentation. This was besides the nucleus factor to forbid the applicable graduated table of theories implemented into undertaking. Possibly, some traits were of course born and would non be occupied within a reasonably short period. Career planning As being explained above, the MSC class addresses on direction context implied writer would handily get a managerial place without being constrained in cordial reception sector. However, low experience and inefficiency in managing drastic state of affairs in prevailing dynamic environment meant there was still a long distance for writer to make such power. Alternatively of impractically anticipating a respectable place in an organisation, it was much more indispensable to systematically heighten current capablenesss ( which involved calm, analytical accomplishment ) critically in order to extenuate failings in short term via the vision of changing them into new strengths in the long hereafter. As a consequence, using for junior places to a concern entity was prioritized purposes to roll up sufficient competency to capture long term aspiration.DecisionIn decision, writer gathered valuable experience by planning and set abouting CIP undertaking in the mark of critical contemplation. Co ncept of contemplation facilitated personal development every bit good as heightening undertaking quality through take a firm standing profoundly on nucleus determiner ensuing to lower than expected mark. Therefore, a cardinal construction was engendered to supportively determine more effectual alternate solutions. In add-on, there was ever a distance between academic and pattern due to either human or contextual variableness. Finally, despite penetration of direction and leading had been dramatically optimize, the academic prejudice indicated that writer must devour considerable clip of critical contemplation in junior places to change these cognition into practically utile competency.